| CAD (CATIA, SolidWorks, Onshape) |
Will it manufacture? Will it assemble? |
Answers earlier, before the geometry is worth that effort, and answers power, coverage and traceability, which CAD does not. |
| MBSE (Cameo, Capella, SysML) |
What are the functions, states and interfaces? |
Puts the architecture in metres and kilograms. A SysML block has no envelope, so it cannot interfere with anything. |
| Requirements tools (DOORS, Jama) |
What did we say we would do? |
Makes a budget requirement executable, so “shall not exceed 14.0 kg” is checked continuously rather than at review. |
| Spreadsheets |
What is the mass and power roll-up? |
The same roll-up, derived from geometry that also has to pass clearance, so it cannot silently disagree with the layout. |
| FEA / CFD |
Will it survive? Will it cool? |
A screen that tells you which pairs are worth meshing, at a stage where meshing would be premature. |